MOTS-c

MOTS-c contains 16 amino acids and belongs to the mitochondria-derived peptide family. Its coding region lies within mitochondrial 12S rRNA, making it one of the small number of proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Animal experiments and early human investigations link it to AMPK activation, better insulin sensitivity, increased exercise capacity and less metabolic deterioration with age. It remains a research compound.

Research schedules name a low starting amount and a titrated standard amount without numeric doses. Frequency depends on the protocol, and the route varies.

Responses differ between individuals. Begin with the lowest dose and observe your response carefully. Speak with your clinician before use and report unexpected symptoms. Human adverse effects are not fully characterized for every compound.

• Energy Metabolism

  Effective

  Investigations indicate improved mitochondrial energy handling and production of ATP.

• Metabolic Health

  Effective

  Potential metabolic effects include increased insulin sensitivity and better glucose handling.

• Longevity Markers

  Moderate

  Preliminary work indicates possible changes in markers associated with cellular aging.

• Medications

  Caution

  Ask your prescriber to review any medication before combining treatments.

• BPC-157

  Compatible

• NAD+

  Compatible

• Vitamin D

  Compatible

Diluent: Use bacteriostatic water; avoid saline because precipitation may occur.

1. Let the refrigerated vial stand at room temperature for 15–20 minutes before preparation.
2. Disinfect the stopper using an alcohol swab, then wait until it has dried fully in the air.
3. Measure the calculated quantity of bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe. Use only this diluent; avoid saline because precipitation may occur.
4. Add the water gradually against the inner vial wall. Keep the stream away from the powder itself.
5. Rotate the vial with a gentle swirling motion. Do not shake forcefully, because this can degrade the contents.
6. Wait 2–3 minutes for the powder to dissolve completely, and check that the liquid is transparent and has no color.
7. Use an insulin syringe to withdraw the calculated amount for injection beneath the skin.
8. Inject in the thigh, abdomen or upper arm. Change the injection location each time to help prevent lipodystrophy.
9. Refrigerate the mixed solution at 2–8°C. Use it within a maximum of 28 days after preparation.

Week 1–2

During the first 1–2 weeks, early effects may accompany an adjustment period. Watch for adverse reactions.

Week 2–4

By weeks 2–4, the main effects may start becoming apparent. Make dose changes only according to your clinician’s guidance.

Week 4–8

During weeks 4–8, the principal effects are expected to be established. Review your progress with your clinician.

Week 8+

From week 8 onward, review the results and decide with your clinician whether to continue, cycle or change the dose.

• Mild pain, bruising or redness around the injection location
• Possible allergic reaction; stop use if hives or a rash develops

MOTS-c: not approved in the US.

• US

  Not approved

  FDA: no approval for human treatment; research use only. No 503A ban is identified; compounding authorization remains unknown. Telehealth is available.

  Rx required

  No

  Telehealth

  Available

1. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. (2015)

   PMID 25738459DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009

2. MOTS-c: A mitochondrial-encoded peptide regulating muscle function (2021)

3. MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity in mice and humans (2019)

4. MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation. (2023)

   PMID 36761202DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533

5. MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism. (2016)

   PMID 27216708DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.015

6. MOTS-c metabolic studies on ClinicalTrials.gov (2024)